Posted: April 20, 2020
Ancient & Medieval History 10 April 20 – 26th
This week`s outcome is to identify those factors which characterized the Government in Ancient Egypt and the role of law in society,
Government:
The Ancient Egyptians looked upon their King or Pharaoh as a God, a descendent of the great Sun God Re. They also believed that Horus, the powerful Sky God (represented by a hawk), entered the Pharaoh when he or she sat on the throne. After death, the people often referred to the Pharaoh as Osiris, an indication that they thought of their ruler as being one with the great God of the dead.
Questions:
1) Examine the term “Theocracy”
2) Explain if you believe Ancient Egypt was regarded as a Theocracy?
3) Describe what is meant by “Dynastic Rule” and evaluate the benefits of this type of Government in Ancient Egypt.
Law and Justice:
The ancient Egyptians did not look upon their law as a specialized area that was separate from their Government. They had laws, the y had punishments and they had tribunals/courts. In a village or town, local landowners were expected to sit in judgement when called upon. Each province had its own court, where high officials heard the most important cases. Priests, soldiers and government officials presided over the local courts. For very serious cases such as treason, a special commission might be appointed to prosecute the case. The administration of justice was mainly the responsibility of the Vizier. He judged most capital and high court cases.
Penalties included:
a) Physical punishment for failing to do one`s duty
b) Death for treason
c) Permanent assignment in a state institution for failure to show up for communal work.
d) Running away from a crime would result in his/her family having to suffer the consequences instead.
Questions:
1) In an essay, explain how Ancient Egypt`s justice system is different from our modern day justice system. In your report, include: Who presides/judges cases, role of citizens in the court system and crimes/punishments for the accused.